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loading buffer  (Bio-Rad)


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    Bio-Rad loading buffer
    Loading Buffer, supplied by Bio-Rad, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 99/100, based on 11708 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
    https://www.bioz.com/product/4x+laemmli+loading+buffer/4x+Laemmli+Sample+Buffer/pmc12908063-89-14-16
    Average 99 stars, based on 11708 article reviews
    loading buffer - by Bioz Stars, 2026-10
    99/100 stars

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    Related Articles

    Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis:

    Article Title: Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP): Is it exclusively placental?
    Article Snippet: After centrifugation at 12,000 g for 20 min, the supernatant was collected, and protein concentrations were determined using a Pierce BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA)]. .. The cells or EVs lysate were mixed with 4X Laemmli loading buffer, and the protein bands were separated using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on a gradient (4–15%) Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Gel (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and transferred to a PVDF membrane using a Trans-blot Turbo transfer Device (Bio-Rad). ..

    Membrane:

    Article Title: Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP): Is it exclusively placental?
    Article Snippet: After centrifugation at 12,000 g for 20 min, the supernatant was collected, and protein concentrations were determined using a Pierce BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA)]. .. The cells or EVs lysate were mixed with 4X Laemmli loading buffer, and the protein bands were separated using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on a gradient (4–15%) Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Gel (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) and transferred to a PVDF membrane using a Trans-blot Turbo transfer Device (Bio-Rad). ..

    Staining:

    Article Title: Ontogeny of catechol-o-methyltransferase expression in the rat prefrontal cortex: effects of methamphetamine exposure
    Article Snippet: Protein concentration was estimated for each sample using Precision Red Advanced Protein Assay (Cytoskeleton, CA). .. Samples were prepared at 20 μg protein/well with 4X laemmli loading buffer and 2-mercaptoethanol, heated at 95C for 5 min, and run electrophoretically on pre-cast gels (4-20% TGX Stain-Free Protein Gels, Bio-Rad) with at two samples from each same-sex group on each gel. ..

    Protein Concentration:

    Article Title: Non-viral vasculogenic reprogramming restores cognition and mitigates pathology in Alzheimer’s disease
    Article Snippet: .. Protein concentration was determined with the BCA Protein Assay Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Cat 23225) 20 μg of total protein was mixed with 4X Laemmli loading buffer (Biorad, Cat 1610747). ..

    Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay:

    Article Title: Non-viral vasculogenic reprogramming restores cognition and mitigates pathology in Alzheimer’s disease
    Article Snippet: .. Protein concentration was determined with the BCA Protein Assay Kit (ThermoFisher Scientific, Cat 23225) 20 μg of total protein was mixed with 4X Laemmli loading buffer (Biorad, Cat 1610747). ..

    Concentration Assay:

    Article Title: Tumor microenvironment remodeling by STING agonism sensitizes endothelial cells to cytotoxic anti-PD-L1/L2 antibody.
    Article Snippet: Samples were scraped and collected, then centrifuged for 10 minutes at 14,000 g. Supernatants containing proteins were harvested and quantified using the PierceTM BCA Protein Assay Kit (Thermo-Fisher Scientific; Cat#23225). .. Proteins were diluted with 4X Laemmli loading buffer (BioRad; Cat1610747) plus β-mercaptoethanol (1:10) to reach a concentration of 1 μg/μL and then boiled at 95°C for 10 minutes. .. Subsequently, 40 μg of proteins were loaded onto a 4-20% polyacrylamide Precast Gel PROTEAN® TGXTM (Bio-Rad; Cat#456-1094).



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    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b <t>,</t> <t>SDS-PAGE</t> analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.
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    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b <t>,</t> <t>SDS-PAGE</t> analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.
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    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b <t>,</t> <t>SDS-PAGE</t> analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.
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    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b <t>,</t> <t>SDS-PAGE</t> analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.
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    Image Search Results


    a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b , SDS-PAGE analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Mechanism of K63-linked polyubiquitin recognition and cleavage by the BRCA1-A complex

    doi: 10.64898/2026.06.05.730395

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a , Domain architecture of RAP80 and ARISC constructs. FL, full-length; SIM, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-interacting motif; UIM, ubiquitin-interacting motif; AIR, Abraxas1-interacting region; ZnF, zinc finger; MPN, Mpr1, Pad1 N-terminal; CC, coiled coil; UEV, ubiquitin E2 variant; vWFA, von Willebrand factor type A ( left ). Schematics of indicated complexes ( right ). b , SDS-PAGE analysis of ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, and ARISC–RAP80 AIR. c , K63-linked ubiquitin chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. d , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and - Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC, ARISC–RAP80, or ARISC–RAP80 AIR (5 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed as in c . Data are representative of three independent experiments. e , Schematics ( left ) and SDS-PAGE analysis ( right ) of indicated complexes. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. f , Alexa-Fluor 488 (AF488) labelled distally (AF488- Cys Ub4 K63R ) blocked K63-Ub4 chains (1.5 µM) were incubated with ARISC–RAP80, ARISC–RAP80 ΔUIMs, or ARISC–RAP80 ΔZnF (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and fluorescence scanning ( left ; see Methods ). The disappearance of the K63-Ub4 parent band was quantified using densitometry, and plotted as fraction of substrate consumed (%). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments ( right ). g , Cyclical and linear K63-Ub5 chains (2 µM) were incubated with ARISC or ARISC–RAP80 (10 nM) for the indicated time points. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and Oriole staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Ub, ubiquitin; DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme. * indicates lower molecular weight ubiquitin species.

    Article Snippet: Reactions were stopped with the addition of 3 μL 4x SDS-PAGE loading dye [240 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 40% (v/v) glycerol, 8% (w/v) SDS, 0.04% (w/v) bromophenol blue, and 5% (v/v) β-Mercaptoethanol], and products were separated on 4-12% or 12% Nu-PAGE Bis-Tris gels (Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Construct, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Variant Assay, SDS Page, Incubation, Activity Assay, Silver Staining, Fluorescence, Staining, Molecular Weight

    a , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and -Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC WT or the indicated ARISC variants (5 nM) for 60 minutes. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. b, SDS-PAGE analysis of ARISC(E33A)–RAP80, ARISC(E33A) BRCC36(S98K) –RAP80, ARISC(E33A) Abraxas1(Δ42-55) –RAP80, and ARISC(E33A) BRCC45(ΔLoop) –RAP80. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. c, Spectral shift assays measuring binding of labelled ARISC(E33A)–RAP80 or the indicated mutant complexes (40 nM) to cyclical K63-Ub6 chains (20 µM-0 µM). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments carried out in technical duplicates. Dissociation constants (K d ) are indicated; CI, confidence interval. d, Representative images of WT or mutants BRCC36 IRIF in HT-29 cells 4 h post irradiation (10 Gy). Scale bar is 10 µm. e, Western blots showing BRCC36 protein levels in HT-29 cells reconstituted with WT or mutants BRCC36 as indicated (l eft ). Scatter plot showing quantification of the BRCC36 IRIF described in d . Data represent mean ± SEM derived from n ≥ 300 nuclei examined over two independent experiments; p values are indicated, unpaired two-tailed t test ( right ). f, K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and -Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC WT or ARISC Δ42-55 (Abraxas1 Δ42-55) (5 nM) for up to 60 minutes. Cleavage activity was analysed as in a . Data are representative of two independent experiments. DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme; WT, wild type; Ub, ubiquitin.

    Journal: bioRxiv

    Article Title: Mechanism of K63-linked polyubiquitin recognition and cleavage by the BRCA1-A complex

    doi: 10.64898/2026.06.05.730395

    Figure Lengend Snippet: a , K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and -Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC WT or the indicated ARISC variants (5 nM) for 60 minutes. Cleavage activity was analysed by SDS-PAGE and silver staining. Data are representative of two independent experiments. b, SDS-PAGE analysis of ARISC(E33A)–RAP80, ARISC(E33A) BRCC36(S98K) –RAP80, ARISC(E33A) Abraxas1(Δ42-55) –RAP80, and ARISC(E33A) BRCC45(ΔLoop) –RAP80. dStrepII, double StrepII tag. * indicates Abraxas1 degradation product. c, Spectral shift assays measuring binding of labelled ARISC(E33A)–RAP80 or the indicated mutant complexes (40 nM) to cyclical K63-Ub6 chains (20 µM-0 µM). Data points are mean ± SEM of two independent experiments carried out in technical duplicates. Dissociation constants (K d ) are indicated; CI, confidence interval. d, Representative images of WT or mutants BRCC36 IRIF in HT-29 cells 4 h post irradiation (10 Gy). Scale bar is 10 µm. e, Western blots showing BRCC36 protein levels in HT-29 cells reconstituted with WT or mutants BRCC36 as indicated (l eft ). Scatter plot showing quantification of the BRCC36 IRIF described in d . Data represent mean ± SEM derived from n ≥ 300 nuclei examined over two independent experiments; p values are indicated, unpaired two-tailed t test ( right ). f, K63-Ub2, -Ub4, and -Ub7 chains (1 µM) were incubated with ARISC WT or ARISC Δ42-55 (Abraxas1 Δ42-55) (5 nM) for up to 60 minutes. Cleavage activity was analysed as in a . Data are representative of two independent experiments. DUB, deubiquitylating enzyme; WT, wild type; Ub, ubiquitin.

    Article Snippet: Reactions were stopped with the addition of 3 μL 4x SDS-PAGE loading dye [240 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 40% (v/v) glycerol, 8% (w/v) SDS, 0.04% (w/v) bromophenol blue, and 5% (v/v) β-Mercaptoethanol], and products were separated on 4-12% or 12% Nu-PAGE Bis-Tris gels (Invitrogen).

    Techniques: Incubation, Activity Assay, SDS Page, Silver Staining, Binding Assay, Mutagenesis, Irradiation, Western Blot, Derivative Assay, Two Tailed Test, Ubiquitin Proteomics